Method and apparatus for producing glassware



Dec. 24, 1940. R. J. BEATTY "2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR, PRODUCING GLASSWARE Filed Jan. 28, 1938 11 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR. Robe/"f J Beaffy ATTORNEYS.

R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Dec. 24, 1940.

Filed Jan. 28, 1938 11 Sheets-Sheet 2 R a WQ mom U nqw w D Q g m% @w w m 1&9 Q 3 5 g Q 0 QE 0 S 0 9Q mg Q MQ mmN \m\ mu 9 a V 6 S 0 O 0 Q Q o Q g 8Q u E mmw o O 0 1.; mvw o O mmw O o Qww mmw vmw wmw & N

' mun/, ATTORNEYS. 7

R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE I Dec. 24, 1940.

Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet 3 m R e 5. ma n NJ N E T R V W m W10 T Dec. 24, 1940. R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets- Sheet 4 INVENTOR. Robe/'2 J fieafliv.

A TTORNEY Dec. 24, 1940. R BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Filed Jan. 28, 1958 ll Sheets-Sheet 5 Fig.6.

I N V EN TOR. Roberf J Bea/2:14

A TTORNEYS.

R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

. METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Dec. 24, 1940.

Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet 6 IN V EN TOR.

A TTORNEYS METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE R. J. BEATTY Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet 7 IN V EN TOR. Faber? J Beaff] Dec. 24, 1940.

BY 47 6 n 4 t a y. ATTORNEYS. I

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet 8 0 p U H: (I 8 r iu I 77 1 86 fl y- 88 INVENTOR.

. Robe/f J Beafa 17 .15 k, BY

W PM ATTORNEYS.

Dec. 24, 1940. J, BEATTY METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet 9 INVENTOR. PoberfJ Beef/iv M r I Z0 v ATTORNEYS.

R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Dec. 24, 1940.

ll Sheets-Sheet l0 Ely. 24

Filed Jan. 28, 1958 IN V EN TOR. Hebe/f1 Beafljz R. J. BEATTY 2,225,948

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCING GLASSWARE Dec. 24, 1940.

Filed Jan. 28, 1938 ll Sheets-Sheet ll I N V EN TOR. Foberf J Bea/flu A TTORNEYS.

45 and a shaping and finishing unit.

Patented Dec. 24, 1940 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR PRODUCIN GLASSWARE Robert J. Beatty, Columbus, Ohio, assiznor to The Federal Glass Company, Columbus, Ohio, a corporatlon of Ohio Application January as, 1938, Serial No. 187,465

50 Claims.

My invention relates to method and apparatus for producing glassware. It has to do, more particularly, with a method and apparatus for producing glassware by the paste mold process, al-

.5 though a number of features of my invention are not necessarily limited to a paste mold machine or a paste mold process.

Paste mold ware is commonly produced in the glass industry at the present time by hand methods. The cost of labor used in producing such ware by the hand methods is considerable and increases the cost of such ware. Furthermore, ware produced by hand methods is not of uniform quality. In the last few years there have been a 5 number of attempts made to devise a satisfactory machine for producing paste mold ware. However, these machines have not gone into general use due to the fact that they are usually of a very complicated nature, being expensive to purchase and expensive to operate. Furthermore, they have not operated entirely satisfactorily.

One of the objects of my invention is to provide a process and machine for producing paste mold ware which is of such a nature that the ware can be produced much more economically than by the hand method.

Another object of my invention is to provide a paste mold machine and process which produce ware that is uniform in quality and is as good or better in quality'than paste mold ware now commonly produced by hand processes.

Another object of my invention is to provide a machine of the type indicated which is very efllcient and economical to operate and which is comparatively simple.

Another object of my invention is to provide a paste mold machine and process wherein the various operations of the hand process are simu- 40 lated but are all performed mechanically and automatically.

In its preferred form my invention contemplates the provision of a machine consisting mainly of two units, vlz., a blank-forming unit The blankforming unit comprises a blank mold table which is intermittently rotatable and which is provided with a series of one-piece blank molds thereon. Glass-feeding means is associated with the blank mold table and issynchronized with movement thereof so that suitable charges of glass are successively supplied to the blank molds. A pressing plunger is associated with the blank mold table and cooperates with the successive blank molds to press the charges therein in order to form the glass blanks. Means is associated with each blank mold for forcing the blank partly out of the mold, at the proper time, in order to expose a portion of the blank that may be gripped .by a suitable member which is provided on the shaping and finishing unit.

The shaping and finishing unit comprises a rotatable turret which has means associated therewith for intermittently rotating it. This means is synchronized with the means for rotating the w blank mold table. The turret carries a plurality of combination gripping tongs and blow heads. These combination tongs and blow heads are brought successively over the successive blank molds on the blank table by the synchronized I movements of the blank mold table and the turret. At the time each tong is brought over the cooperating blank mold, the means associated with the blank mold for raising the blank slightly therefrom operates to expose a portion of the 29 upper end of the blank. The blank mold is provided with means for forming a peripheral flange or lip on the upper end of the blank to facilitate removal thereof by means of the tongs. The tongs are automatically closed about the exposed :5 portion of the blank and the blow head of the tongs seals the upper end of the blank. Then, they operate to lift the blank entirely from the blank mold and as the turret and the blank mold table continue to rotate, the blank ismoved away 3 from the mold in which it was formed.

Continued rotation of the turret causes the blank which is suspended by means of the tongs pufi of air is supplied to theinterior of the blank. This heating and puff of air causes the blank to be elongated so that a parison is formed therefrom.

Continued rotation of the turret causes the 50 parison to emerge from the heating chamber. I As it leaves the heating chamber and is suspended from the tongs, a split blow mold which is open rises to meet the'parison. A plurality of the blow molds are also carried by the turret I and before rising to meet the parisons they pass through a water tank which cools the molds and wets the interiors thereof. Suitable means is provided adjacent the point where the blow mold rises to meet the parison for closing the blow .bined tongs and blow head is rotated in order that the article will be rotated in the paste mold so as to impart a proper polish thereto.

Continued rotation of the turret brings the blow mold to a point where means is provided for opening the blow mold and leaving the finally shaped article suspended from the tongs. At this point the blow mold again begins to move downwardly into the water trough. At a point farther along, an intermittently movable t'ake-ofl conveyor is provided for removing the ware from the machine. Adjacent the conveyor means'is provided for lowering the tongs until the article is supported on the conveyor and for then releasing the article. Prior to the time the blow mold is opened, rotation of the combined tongs and blow head is stopped and the supply of air 80 through the blow head to the articleis interrupted. The take-off conveyor is movable intermittently and its movement is synchronized with movement of the shaping and finishing unit. This cycle of operations will be repeated.

Various other objects and advantages will be apparent from the following description.

The preferred embodiment of my invention is illustrated in the accompanying drawings wherein similar characters of reference designate corresponding parts and wherein:

Figure '1 is a view of a machine made in accordance with my invention mainly in vertical section but partly in side elevation.

Figure 2 is a plan view of the entire machine.

Figure 3 is a perspective view of the machine with a large number of the parts omitted for the sake of clearness.

Figure 4 is a horizontal section taken substantially on line 4-4 of Figure 1.

Figure 5 is a more or less diagrammatic view of .thedriving mechanism and certain fluid-actuating means provided on my machine. Figure 6 is a perspective view of a portion of a timer .which I provide for timing actuation of various fluid-operated parts of my machine.

Figure '7 is a view partly in side elevation and partly in section of a blow mold and actuating means provided therefor. Y Figure 8 is a plan view of the structure illustrated in Figure 7 showing the blow mold open. Figure 9 is a view mainly in perspective of the structure illustrated in Figures '7 and 8 but showing the blow mold closed;

Figure 10 is a detail mainly in section illustrating means which I provide for controlling rotation of the combined tongs and blow heads and for controlling the supply of air pressure thereto.

Figure 11 is a vertical section taken substantially along linei l-ll of Figure 10.

Figure 12 is a horizontal section taken substantiallyalong line l2--l2 of Figure 10. 7

Figure 13 isa detail in section illustrating movable contacts carried by the rotating turret and stationary contacts carried by the column upon which the turret rotates for supplying current to combined tongs and blow heads.

Figure 14 is a horizontal section taken substantially along line ll-Il of Figure 13.

Figure 15 is a view mainly in vertical section showing the combined blow head and tongs, the tongs being shown closed about a blank.

Figure 16 is a detail in perspective of the unit illustrated in Figure 15, parts being shown in section;

Figure 1'7 is a view mainly in side elevation but partly in section of a portion of the structure illustrated in Figure 15 butshowing the tongs open.

Figure 18 is a transverse section taken through the heating trough substantially along line l8--i8 of Figure 19 and showing a blank suspended from the tongs in position therein.

Figure 19 is a plan view of the heating trough.

Figure 20 is a perspective view of a portion of the heating trough.

Figure 21 is a view in section showing the blank mold before a charge of glass is supplied thereto.

Figure 22 is a similar view showing a charge of glass being severed and falling into the mold.

Figure 23 shows the charge in the mold.

Figure 24 shows the charge being pressed in the blank mold by the pressing plunger.

Figure 25 shows the formed blank slightly raised from the blank mold by means of a plunger provided in the bottom of the mold.

Figure 26 shows'the tongs gripping the blank and raising it from the blank mold with the blow cap sealingits upper end. I

Figure 27 shows the blank suspended from the tones after it has been raised from the blank mold.

Figure 28 is a perspective view of the blank at the time it is gripped by the tongs showing 9. lug formed thereon by the tongs which prevents rotation of the blank relative to the tongs.

Figure 29 is a diagrammatic view illustrating the blank suspended by the tongs in the heating trough and illustrating by the dotted lines how the heat and the puii of air supplied to the interior thereof will elongate the blank to form a parison therefrom.

Figure 30 is a view illustrating the blow mold rising to meet the parison.

Figure 31 is a view showing the blow mold closed about the parison.

Figure 32 illustrates how the parison is ex- 'panded to the shape of a mold by air pressure supplied to the interior thereof.

Figure 33 shows the blow mold opening to expose the finally shaped article.

Figure 34 is a view showing the tongs being opened to release the article and allow it to be conductedaway by the take-oil conveyor.

Figure 35 is a perspective view of burners for heating the sides of the blank which maybe used in place of or in combination with the heat ing trough or chamber.

Figure 36 is a perspective view of a similar burner for heating the bottom of the article and which may be used with the burners of Figure 35 or with the heating trough or chamber.

- Figure 37 is a plan view showing the burners of Figures 35 and 36 being used in combination with the heating trough.

With reference to the drawings, I have illustrated my machine as comprising mainly a blankforming unit I and a cooperating article-shaping and finishing unit 2. Both of these units are for movement on wheels 4.

The blank-forming unit The blank-forming unit comprises a blank mold table which is carried on the upper end of a rotatable column 6. This column 6 projects upwardly from the base 3. its lower end is mounted on a rotatable member I resting on an anti-friction bearing 8 provided on the base. This member i is the driven wheel of at Geneva drive which is provided for intermittently rotating this mold table 5. The driven wheel l is attached to the lower end of the column 6 and supports it. A rotatable driving member 9 (Figure 5) is carried by the base and is disposed in cooperative relationship with the member 1 for driving the member l intermittently.

The mold table 5 carries a plurality of blank molds l0 adjacent its periphery and disposed in circumferentially spaced relationship. Eight of these blank molds are shown but it is to be understood that any suitable number may be provided. These blank molds are of the onepiece type. The structure of each of these molds is illustrated best in Figure 21. A shoulder Illa 'is provided in the upper end of the mold in order to produce a peripheral flange on the blank to be formed therein. Each of the molds has a blank-raising plunger Ii extending upwardly through the bottom thereof. A'second plunger ii is carried by the mold table below each plunger M. This plunger is adapted to be engaged by suitable means at the proper time to raise the blank partly from the mold.

The .means for moving the plunger upwardly is illustrated best in Figure 1. It comprises a cylinder and piston unit I 2 which is mounted below the mold table 5 at a suitable point and is supported on the upper surface of the base 3. The piston rod l3 thereof projects upwardly and is pivotally connected at M to one end oi a lever M. This lever is is pivoted intermediate its ends at Hi to a vertical support ll which is secured to the cylinder. The opposite end of the lever "in the bottom of the blank mold. When the plunger ll engages the outer end of lever IS, the cylinder and piston unit [2 may be actuated to cause the piston rod l3 to move downwardly. This will swing the outer end of the lever is upwardly forcing the plunger ll upwardly to a slight extent. This will cause raising of the blank in the mold in the manner illustrated in Figure 25.

Means is associated with the blank mold table 5 for feeding charges or gobs of glass to the successive blank molds. This means is synchronized with the intermittent movement oi the table 5. It comprises a glass-feeding spout i8 provided with a discharge orifice in the lower wall thereoi. This spout projects over the mold table. A plunger is is provided in the spout above the discharge orifice for controlling the feed of glass through the orifice. The plunger I9 is moved up and down at the proper intervals to control the flow 01' glass in the spout by means 01' a cylinder and piston unit 25. Shears 25 .are 10- cated below the discharge orifice oi the spout and are adapted to separate the stream of glass issuing through the spout oriflce into gobs. The shears operate intermittently and are controlled by a cylinder and piston unit 21 (Figure 5) which is supported beneath'the spout. Operation of the cylinder and piston units 25 and .21 is synchronized with movement of the mold table I! so that the proper mold charges will be supplied successively to the blank mold Ill.

The blank mold table 5 rotates intermittently in the direction indicated by the arrow in Figure 2. The molds move first to the charging station below the glass-feeding spout. After each mold is charged, the next movement of the mold table brings the mold to a pressing station indicated generally by the numeral 28. At this station I provide a pressing plunger which embodies a vertically reciprocating body portion 29 (Figures 1 and 3) having its upper end connected to a piston operating in a cylinder 30. The upper end of cylinder 30 is carried by one end of a supporting arm 3! which is carried by a post 32 extending upwardly from the column 8 of the mold table 3, but being non-rotatably connected thereto, and by a pair of vertically disposed posts lid which have their lower ends supported on the base 3 of the machine as at 34. The lower end oi the piston in cylinder 39 is provided with an extension that passes downcarries a collar member 9l which is threaded thereon. This member has a plurality of guide rods 38 slidably mounted in openings provided therein. These members 38 carry a ring"39 on their lower ends. Springs Ell surrounding members 3d normally keep the rodsand the ring 99 in the lowermost position indicated in Figure 3. A pressing portion M is removably secured to the lower end of body portion 29 of the pressing plunger and is adapted to pass downwardly through the central opening in ring 39. The collar member 3! is adjustable to vary the pressure produced by springs 40 on the ring 39 during the pressing operation.

The means for moving the piston in the cylinder 30 is synchronized with movement of the mold table 5. As soon as a blank mold reaches the pressing station, the piston in the cylinder 30 moves downwardly forcing member '23 and pressing portion 4| downwardly. The ring 39 will seat on the upper end of the mold and partly close it; The forming portion II will continue to move and pass downwardly through ring 99 into the mold. The ring 99 will be maintained where the blank will be lifted from the mold in a.

manner to be later described. At this station, the mechanism previously described for moving the plunger ll of the blank mold upwardlyls also located.

Thus, it will be apparent that with this blank- 3 lugs 64.

forming. unit the blank table moves intermittently between the various stations. First, a blank mold is moved to the charging station where it is supplied with a charge of glass. The

5 next movement brings it to a pressing station where the glass is pressed into blank form. The next move brings it to a lift-out station where it is removed from the blank mold.' Continued movement of the mold table will again bring the mold to the charging station.

Shaping and finishing unit 7 The shaping and finishing unit comprises a the machine, as indicated at 5|.

The lower casting 46 projects into the hollow base and is carried by the driven wheel 62 of a Geneva drive to which'it is bolted as indicated at 66. This wheel 62 rests on anti-friction bear- As indicated in Figure 5, the Geneva wheel 62 is moved intermittently by a driving member 66. Thus, the entire turret 44 will be rotated intermittently about the stationary column 66. The column 66 extends upwardly entirely through the turret and is tied to .the post 62 of the blank-forming unit by means of the arm 6|. Thus, the two units are rigidly tied together. The axis of the turret is in alignment with the axis of the blank mold table.

As will be explained in detail hereinafter, the upper portion of the turret carries a series of cir- -cumierentially spaced combined tongs and blowhead units which I will indicate generally by the V numeral 66. The lower portion of the turret carries a series of circumferentially spaced blowmold units which I will indicate generally by the numeral 61. In the drawings I show 16 of each of these units but it is to be understood that any number may be provided. All of the units 56 are in exact vertical alignment with the corresponding units 61.

Each of the combined blow-head and tongs units 66 is carried by a radially projecting casting" which has its inner end bolted to the peripheral portion of the table 41 of the turretas indicated at 66. Each casting carries an electric motor having a driving 'shaft6l projecting therefrom which projects intoa worm-andgear housing 62 which is carried bythe outer I end of casting 66. Within the housing 62, as indicated in Figure 15, a worm gear 66 is rotatably mounted. This worm gear 66 is carried by and keyed to a sleeve 64 which has its upper end rotatably mounted in a bushing 66 at the top of the i housing 62 and has a flange 66 intermediate itsends which rests on a ball bearing 61 at the bottom of the housing 62. A shaft 66 extends through the sleeve 64 and is splined therein. This shaft extends through the housing 62 and projects above and below the housin 7 The lower end of the sleeve 64 projects from the housing 62 and has a block 66 keyed thereto. This block 66 has metal bars 16 secured thereto at each corner and extending downwardly therefrom. The extreme lower ends of these. bars 16 are joined' together by links 1| and cylindrical spacers 12 which are disposed at right angles to the links 1|. Strips 16 secured to bars 16 are also provided to make the structure more rigid. The extreme lower end of the shaft 66 carries a block 14 which has outwardly projecting portions 15 that project between the bars 16 for guiding vertical movement of the block 14 which is produced by vertical movement of shaft 66.

The outer .ends of the portions 16 have brackets 16. secured thereto. Each of these brackets extends downwardly and inwardly. The inwardly extending portion of each bracket 16 is provided with a setscrew 11 threaded upwardly therethrough. The lower portion of the block 14 carries pivoted tong members 16. Each tong member has its upper end pivoted to the lower portion of block 14 and 16. The upper end of each tong member is provided with an outwardly projecting portion 66 which is normally forced downwardly by means of small spring-pressed plungers 6| mounted in the lower portion of block 14. Portions 66 when in their lowermost position contact with the upper ends of adjustable screws 11. Screws 11 are provided for controlling the gripping action of the tongs on the glass article. Each of the tong members has a gripping portion 62 formed on its lower end which is adapted to extend substantially halfway around the upper end of the blank. The tongs 16 are disposed between downwardly extending guide member 86 carried by the block 14. In

.these guide members for vertical movement is mounted a horizontal plate 64 which has a downwardly extending sleeve 66 secured thereto by means .of a threaded connection of the type shown at 65a. The sleeve 66 slides through a plate 66 secured rigidly to the extreme'lower end of members 63. A compression spring 61 disposed around sleeve 66 between plates 64 and 66 normally keeps the sleeve 66 in its uppermost position. A blow cap 66 adapted to engage and seal the upper end of the blank is carried by a plunger 66 which extends upwardly into the sleeve 65. This plunger is forced downwardly by means oi. a spring 96 surrounding a guide pin 6| secured to the upper end of member 66. The pin 6| extends upwardly through plate 64 and is slidable therein. This pin has a flange m. formed thereon which cooperates with a shoulder 6|b to limit downward movement of pin 6|.

As previously indicated, the shaft 66 is vertically movable in the sleeve 64. With the parts in the position illustrated in Figure 15, the shaft 66 is in its uppermost position. When in this position, the tongs are closed. The shaft is provided with an air pasageway 62 extending substantially throughout the length thereof. The lower end of this passageway is connected by means of a flexible conduit 66 to an air passageway 64 provided in the blow-cap 66. When the parts are in the positions illustrated in this flgure, the tongs will firmly grip the blank and the uppesraend of the blank will be sealedby the blowcap If the shaft 66 is moved downwardly, the member 14 carried thereby will move downwardly relative to the bars 16. When the outwardly projecting portions 66 of the tongs 16 strike the bars 12 carried by the lower ends of bars 16, the

tongs 16 will swing outwardly and the portions tions 96. Thus, the blank will be disengaged by the tongs upon downward movement of shaft 69. Upon upward movement of the shaft 69, the member 14 will move upwardly. At the same 5 time the portions 99 of the tongs I9 will move away from spacers 12 permitting the plungers 9| to swing the tongs inwardly until they grip the upper portion of the blank. The blow-cap will be forced downwardly by the spring-pressed l9 sleeve 96 and plunger 99 to such as extent that tongs, the upper end of the blank will engage the blow-head and force it upwardly against the pressure of the springs 99 and 91. Thus, there will be a resilient engagement between the blowcap and the upper end of the blank. This will permit tight sealing v.of the upper end of the blank by means of the blow-cap without danger of injury to the blank. Thus, the blank will be engaged by the tongs and the blow-cap upon upward movement of shaft 69. The portion 82 almost completely enclose the upper end of the blank but there will be a slight space between these adjacent portions at diametrically opposed points. Consequently, at such points small lugs 92a (Figures 27 and 28') will'be formed, because the blank will be comparatively hot when gripped by the tongs. These lugs serve to prevent rotation of the blank relative to the tongs.

The extreme upper end of the shaft 69 carries a collar 99 which is secured thereto in such a manner as to permit rotation of the shaft in the collar. This collar 96 has a flange 91 that is adapted to be engaged by the portion 98 of a suitable member in order to raise or lower the shaft 68. Cylinder and piston mechanisms carrying portions 99 are provided at suitable locations on the machine, as will be later explained, for raising and lowering shaft 99. In order to 40 lock the shaft 69 in its uppermost position, a latch member 99 is carried by the upper end of a standard I99 projecting upwardly from the housing 62 to which it is secured. This latch member 99 is pivoted to the bifurcated upper 45 end of the support I99 as at I9I. It is provided with a bevelled lower corner I92. When the shaft 69 moves upwardly, the collar 91 will engage the bevelled surface I92 of the latch forcing thelatch outwardly about the pivot IN. The 59 latch is also provided with a horizontal surface I93 and when the collar 91 reaches a suitable height, the latch is forced inwardly by means of coil spring 99a, which is connected to latch 99 and support I99, permitting the flange of the 55 collar to rest on the surface I93 and hold the shaft 99 in its uppermost position.

If the coil spring 99a fails to force the latch 99 inwardly, additional means which I provide will do this. For this purpose the latch is provided with a spring cushioned button 99b. Dur- .ing the next movement of the turret after the shaft 69,is moved into its uppermost positioma stationary cam 990 (Figure 1) mounted on a support depending from arm 9|, will strike the 95.but".on forcing latch 99 inwardly if spring 99a has not forced it inwardly. Stop. 99d is provided for limiting inward movement of latch 99. If the shaft 69 failed to move high enough so it would belocked in position by latch 99 or if 70 for any other reason it failed to be locked in its uppermost position, during continued movement of the machine the tongs and blow mold unit carried thereby would drop down and cause serious damage to the machine, as will be under- 75 stood more clearly during the following description of the machine. Therefore, I provide a safety so that if for any reason the shaft 69 fails to latch on the up stroke, movement of both the blow mold table and the turret ceases. This safety is controlled by a bleeder valve 690 (Fi ures l and 15) which is located adjacent cylinder and piston unit I99 and is so positioned that an actuating member 69b thereof will be engaged by each of the shafts 69 whenever such shaft is raised to its uppermost position and is locked in such position. However, if shaft 69 fails'to move upwardly to such a positionas to lock it in its upper position, the member 691) will not be engaged by the shaft. when the member 69b is engaged by the shaft 69, the safety will not operate. However, if the member 69b is not engaged by the shaft 69, the safety will then operate. The structure and operation of this safety will be described in detail hereinafter.

An outwardly projecting cam arm I94 has its inner end rigidly secured between the bifurcations at the lower end of the latch 99 as at I95. If the outer end of this arm I94 is swung up- .wardly, the portion I93 of the latch will be disengaged from the flange 91 of collar 96. A cam surface I96 is provided on the outer end of the lever I94 and is adapted to be engaged by suitable means for forcing it upwardly. As will be later explained, such means is provided at a suitable point on the machine. A handle is secured to the outer end of the lever I94 so that whenever desired the latch may be released manually.

It will be noted that the collar 96 is provided with an-annular groove I98 in communication with transverse bores 199 which have their inher ends connected to the air passageway 92 in the shaft 69. A small pipe II9 passes through the collar 96 and has its inner end in communication with the groove I99. By this means air may be supplied to the passageway 92 at the proper time, as will be later explained.

It will be apparent that whenever the electric motor 69 is energized, the worm gear 63 will be driven. This will cause the sleeve 64, the block 69 and the frame carried thereby to rotate. It will also cause the shaft 68, the block I4 carried thereby, and the tongs I9 and other parts carried by the block, to rotate. Thus, the combined blowhead and tongs unit will rotate whenever the motor 69 is energized.

I provide means for controlling the supply of air to the passage 92 in the shaft 69. As will appear later, this means will permit a puff of air to enter this passage at a certain time and subsequently will cause air under pressure to be supplied to said passage for the purpose of blowin the parison to flnal form in the blow mold. I also provide means for controlling the energizing of a each of the motors 69 so that they will be energized and deenergized during certain predetermined periods.

The means for supplying air to the passage 92 in shaft 69 includes'a flexible conduit I II (Figure housing I I2 to an air tank ma provided with an nular member 6 which rotates with member 46 to annular groove II1 formed in member II6 which is always in communication with a 52-,

- supplies constant air under pressure to the pas- 'sageway II3. It will beapparent that with this arrangement the stationary air pipe I20 will always be connected to the various air pipes II3 which are carried by the rotatable turret.

Valve housing H2 is illustrated best in Figures 10and11. The pipe H3 is connected to a chamcolumn 50 so that it will be stationary. Thus,

ber I2I formed within the-housing H2. The conduit 'III is connected to branches I22 and I23 which are connected to passageways I24 and I25, respectively, which have their inner ends connected to chamber I2I. A plunger I26 is slidably mounted in the wall of the housing and projects through the passageway I24. A valve seat I21 is formed on the inner end of passage I24 and a valve member I23 carried by the plunger is normally held on said seat by a spring I29. A similar plunger I30 is provided in the lower portion of the housing and extends through the passageway I25. This plunger carries a valve I3I which normally seats on a seat I32 formed at the inner end of passageway I25. A spring I33 normally holds this valve on its seat. The outer end of plunger I26 has a member I34 mounted thereon which has a button on its extreme outer end, an annular groove I35 inwardly of the button and a frusto-conical portion I36 inwardly of the groove. The outer end of plunger I30 has a similar member I31 thereon. A latch member I 33 is pivoted to the housing II 2 adjacent the outer end of the plunger I26. This'latch member is normally forced downwardly about its pivot by means of a spring I30. It is provided with a cam portion I40 on its upper end which is adapted to be engaged by suitable means to swing it upwardly. The member I30 is also provided with a finger I which will be engaged by the portion I36 at a certain instant and will project into the groove I35 when the plunger I26 is in its inwardmost position. A similar latch I42 is provided adjacent plunger I30.

The plunger I 26 and associated valve is provided for controlling the fiow of air under pressure for blowing the parison into final form in the blow mold. The plunger I 30 and valve I3I are provided for controlling the application of a pull of air to the blank. When plunger I26 is forced inwardly, the valve I23 is unseated althe branches I22 and I23, respectively, to adjust the flow of air therethrough.

Means is provided for forcing the plungers I26 and I30 inwardly at the proper instants and locking them and for imlocking them at the proper instants to permitthem to move outwardly. This means comprises a stationary drum I 344 (Figure l) which is provided with a series of vertically spaced annular grooves I35a which are T-shaped in cross section. This drum "441 is secured to the the housings II2 which are carried by the rotatable turret will rotate relative to the drum I34a. Each of the grooves I35a has a contact finger I36a mounted therein at a suitable point. These fingers are adjustable along the grooves. One of the fingers will. engage the plunger I26 at the proper instant. It will engage the outer end of the plunger forcing it inwardly and unseating valve I28. At the same time, the frusto-conical portion I36 will swing the latch I4I upwardly until it enters the groove I35. This will lock the plunger in its inwardmost position. Another contact finger in a diflerent groove will subsequently contact with the portion I40 of the latch, swinging the latch upwardly out of groove I35 and permitting the spring I 29 to force the plunger I26 outwardly and close valve I26. Contact fingers will strike plunger I30 and latch I42 and operate them in a similar manner. It will be apparent that the various contact fingers may be so arranged relative to each other as to bring about the various movements in the proper sequence and in proper timed relationship.

The electric switch for controlling the energizing and deenergizing of the electric motor 60 is disposed within ahousing I43 (Figure 1) mounted on the top of the housing II2. A cable I44 leads from the motor 60 and is connected to contact members I 45 (Figure 10) in housing I43. Movable contact members I46 are carried on the inner endof a plunger I41 which is slidably carried by support I41a. This plunger I41 has a member I46 on its outer end adapted to be engaged by one of the fingers I360 which will force it inwardly and bring the contacts I45 and I46 together. A latch I36a which is like latch I35will engage the outer end of the plunger and lock it in its inwardmost position. Another finger l36a will subsequently engage portion I40 of the latch in order to again permit outward movement of the plunger. Spring-pressed plungers I50 are provided in the contacts I45 so that they will resiliently contact with the contacts I46. Springs I500 are connected to a stationary member I50c secured to support I410 and to member I50b secured to plunger I 41. These springs will serve when released by the latch "5a. Contact fingers I36a: are so disposed as to actuate plunger I4'Iv and latch I360 in the proper sequence.

The electric contacts I46 are connected to a cable I (Figure 1) leading from the housing I43. This cable has a plug I56 on its opposite end which is adapted tobeplugged into an outlet I51 disposed in a drum I50. The drum I50, as indicated in Figures 1 and 13, is so mounted on the casting 45 that it will rotate therewith. Thus, the drum rotates with the turret and the 'units 56 carried thereby. The outlets I51 are connected by suitable wires to a pair of contact members or wipers I56 adapted to rotate with the drum I50. These members are provided with portions which wipe against contact rings I60 which are stationary, being keyed to column 50 and being held in spaced relationship by bolts and insulators indicated generally by numeral I60a. A cable I6I (Figures 1 and 13) is connected to the stationary rings I60 and to a source of power. This cable passes through an air-tight plug I6Ia provided in column50. Thus, with this arrangement I provide effective means for conducting current to the motors 50 which rotate with the turret.

As previously indicated, directly below each unit 56 I provide a blow mold unit 51. The units 51 are also carried by the rotatable turret.

. Each unit 51 embodies an outwardly projecting arm I62 (Figure 1) which has its inner and mounted upon three spaced vertically disposed the outer end of the arm relative to its mounting.

adjacent its outer end. The arm I62 (Figures 7, 8 and 9) has a downwardly extending portion I66 and an outwardly extending horizontal portion I65. The bottom I66 of-the blow-mold is removablysupport-ed on this portion I 65. The,

body portion of, each blow-mold I6! is made in two halves which are hingedly connected together and to the portion I66 of arm I62 as at Means is provided for closing and opening the blow-mold. Thus, links I68 have their outer ends pivotally connected as at H8 to the blow-mold sections or halves. A cross arm Ill is 'pivotally connected to the rear ends of both of the links I69 at 512. This cross arm is connected by a rod M8 to a block H6, a cushioning spring I16 being provided within the block around the rod I18. This block M76 is slidably mounted in guides Iita on the arm N58. The cross arm Ill operates in slots H6 formed in a portion of the arm I68. The block i716 has a pin I'l'i extending downwardly therefrom through a slot I'I6a in the arm I62. This pin ill has a portion I78 on its lower end that is adapted to be engaged by suitable means for moving block I16 inwardly or outwardly on the arm M2 to open or close the blow-mold.

It will be apparent that when the block I16 is moved outwardly, the cross head Ill will be moved outwardly forcing links I68 outwardly. This will cause the sections of the blow-mold to swing together. when the block H6 is moved rearwardly on the arm I62, the cross head I'll will be moved rearwardly drawing the links I68 rearwardly and causing the blow-mold sections to swing outwardly around the point I68.

I provide suitable means for locking the blowmold sections together during the blowing operation. As illustrated, the blow-mold sections are provided with lugs I79 which will be disposed together when the blow-mold is closed. I A lever I88 is pivoted to the outer end of the horizontal portion I66 of 'the blow-mold supporting arm as at I 8| This lever has a yoke I62 at its upper end which will engage the outer bevelled surfaces of lugs I19 and force them tightly togetherfwhen the blow-mold is closed and when the upper end of the lever is swung inwardly, about the pivot I8I. Thus, this leverhnd the' 'dooperating lugs us serve to lock the blow-mold sections together.

The lever is provided with a portion ,I88 at its lower end which will engage the lower surface of portion I66 of the arm to limit outward swinging of the lever. It is also provided with an outwardly extending portion I884: which carries a roller I86 on its outer end. Roller I86 is swiveled on member I88a but is normally held-in a position where its axis is perpendicular to lever I88 ment of arm 862 on the posts I68. A small roller 168a is provided adjacent roller 86 for a purpos to be described later. 5

The blow molds which are used on this machine are preferably of the paste mold type. In order to cool the blow molds after the articles are formed therein and to wet the interiors of the molds I provide the water tank I86 into which the molds pass at the proper time and are submerged in the water therein and from which the molds emerge at the proper time. The water tank I86 is of annular form. It will be apparent that the shaping and finishing unit is so arranged relative to the blank-forming unit that they overlap each other in the manner illustrated in Figure 2. The water tank consequently extends beneath the blank mold table. Furthermore, as the turret 66 rotates, the combined tongs and blow-head units 56 will move over the blank mold table 5 and the blow-mold units 61 will move underneath the blank mold table and through the water tank.

A track I81 (Figure 1) is provided for controlling vertical movement of the blow-mold units by cooperation with the rollers I85 carried by the arms I62. This track I8! is supported on the upper edge of a supporting casting I88 which extends into the water trough I86 and has its lower edge secured to the base of the machine. This track, as indicated best in Figure 3, is provided with a high portion I88 extending substantially from the station indicated by the numeral I88 in Figure 2 where the blowing operation begins, to the take-off station located substantially at the point indicated by the numeral I9I in this figure. The track is provided with a low portion extending beneath the blank mold table 6 and beneath a heating chamber I82 to be subsequently described. Inclined portions I88 connect the high and low sections of the track. When the blow mold units are on the high sectlonof the track, the blow molds will not be subbase 3. This track is adapted to engage the rollers I86 carried by levers I68 in order to force the levers inwardly so as to lock the blow-mold sections together. The rollers I86 will contact resiliently but firmly with the track. This track extends substantially from the station I88 where the blowing operation begins to the station indicated by the numeral I 86 in Figure 8 where the blowing operation ends. Each end of this track is provided with sections I81 which are inclined so as to gradually swing the lever I88 inwardly when looking the molds and to permit it to gradually swing outwardly when unlocking the molds.

As previously indicated, the point at which the blank is lifted from the blank mold by the combined tongs and blow-head unit 66 is located substantially at the point indicated by the numeral 68. Therefore, at this point I provide means for raising the shaft 68 and operating the tongs so that they will grip the blank. This-means comprises a cylinder and piston unit I88 (Figures 1 and 3) which is supported directly above the station 63 by a portion of the arm 3|. This unit I98 has a piston rod I98 extending downwardly therefrom having the portion 98 formed thereon which is adapted to engage the flange 81 of collar 86 in order to move the shaft 68 upwardly and I Rotation of the turret will cause the blanks suspended from the units 56 to be carried into the heating chamber or trough I92. The shaft 68 will be locked in its uppermost position by latch 99. The heating chamber I92 is supported t such a height that it will be at a level substantially corresponding to that at which the blank is supported. The heating chamber is preferably of considerable length extending from the station 200 (Figure 2) to the station 20I. However,

it may be of different lengths depending upon different conditions encountered in operation. The low portion of the track I89 is also disposed beneath this heating chamber so that the blowmold units will pass beneath this heating chamber.

The construction of the heating unit I92 is illustrated best in Figures 3, 4, 18, 19 and 20. It comprises an arcuate chamber orpassageway through which the suspended blanks are moved step by step and are heated during their passage therethrough. At the same time the blanks are heated, a puff of air is supplied thereto to cause the blanks to be extended into parison form.

The main support for the heating chamber I92 comprises an arcuate beam 202 which is supported on the upper end of posts 203 which have their lower end secured to the base 3 (Figure 1). At spaced intervals the member 202 has upwardly projecting lugs 204- each of which carries a pair of inwardly projecting spaced rods 205. Alternating with the lugs 200 are members 206 carried by member 202 and which are provided with sockets for receiving the outer ends of bars 201.

,These bars are held in the sockets by screw bolts 208. Each pair of rods 205 carries an inner burner 209 and an outer burner 2I0 which face each other. These burners are spaced from each other and may be adjusted on the rods 205 relative to each other. They may be held in adjusted position by set screws 2. The bars 201 carry an outer burner 2I2 and an inner cooperating unit 2 I3 which is not a burner unit. The burner unit 2I2 and the unit 2I'3 are adjustable on the bar 201 and are held in adjusted position by means of setscrews 2H passing through a slot in the bar 201. cooperate to form the outer wall of the heating chamber. The burner units 209 and the units 2 I3 cooperate to form the inner wall of the heating chamber. a

The construction of the units 209 and 2I0 is illustrated in Figure 18. It is to be understood that the burner unit 2| 2 is substantially the same as the burner units 209 and 2I0. Furthermore, the unit 2 I 3 is substantially the same as the outer units with the exception that the gas mixture for combustion is not supplied to the interior thereof.

As indicated in Figure 18, each burner unit comprises a metal housing having a combustion chamber 2I5 formed therein. An inlet for air and gas mixture is provided at 2| 6. A porous refractory brick 2I'I forms the inner wall of the burner unit. This brick is mounted in the burner housing in such a manner that it is inclined slightly in the manner illustrated in Figure 18. It may be cemented or otherwise secured in position. The bricks 2I'I of the inner and outer units 209 and 2"] will converge towards each other at their upper ends as indicated in this figure. The porous bricks are of such a nature that when the mixture in the chamber 2I5 is ignited, the flames and hot products of combustion will seep through the bricks 2I'I and will heat them to incandescence. The bricks 2I'I serve to prevent The burner units 2I0 and 2I2 waste of heat and also serve to prevent the fiames from hitting the glass blank with pressure so as to cause improper lateral distortion thereof.

Due to the fact that the bricks of the inner and outer units are inclined towards each other, there will be a tendency for the heat to be directed downwardly to a slight extent and this will offset the normal tendency of the heat to rise.

A gas and air mixer 2I6a leads into inlet 2I6. Air and gas pipes 2I6b and 2I6c lead to this mixer from manifold pipes 2I6d and 2I6e and are controlled by manually operable valves 2I6f and 2I6y. Thus each burner may be controlled independently of the others. For example, the burners may be adjustedso that the heat developed by the burners gradually decreases from the inlet end of the heating trough to .the outlet end thereof to prevent overheating of the blanks.

Between the inner and outer walls of the heating trough and resting on the rods 205 and bars 201 are a plurality of refractory baflle members ZI'Ia. These members 2| Ia serve as a bottom for the heating trough.

As the blanks pass through this heating chamber or trough I92, the chilled outer skin produced by pressing the blank in the blank mold is reheated and remelted. At the same time a puff,

of air is supplied to the interior of the blank so that it will be extended into parison form. The contact fingers I36a carried by drum Illa are so arranged that they will strike the plungers I 30 and the latches I02 to supply the proper pufl's of air to the interiors of the blanks during their passage through the heating chamber. Furthermore, the fingers I360 of drum Illa which operate the plungers I48 and the latches 8a of the electric switches for controlling motors 00, are so arranged that the combined tongs and blow-head units 56 will rotate during their passage through the heating chamber I02. In fact, this rotation will continue until the units 58 reach the take-off station I 0|. Thus, the blanks are rotated as they pass through the heating chamber. This insures uniform heating.

As the units 56 leave the heating chamber I02, the blow-mold units will rise to meet them. The track I 81 is so arranged that the bottom I 00 of the blow mold will be brought directly below the suspended parison which will be carried by the cooperating unit 56. It is then desirable to close the blow-mold and lock it. Consequently, adjacent this station I provide means for closing the blow-mold.

This means is illustrated best in Figures 1 and 9. It comprises a cylinder 2I8 having a piston 2I9 operating therein. The cylinder 2I8 may be supported by the track-supporting casting I88. The piston 2I9 is provided with an outwardly projecting piston rod 220. The outer end of this piston rod 220v carries a plate 22I. This plate is provided with notches 222 in its edges which cooperate with guide rods 223. Three of these rods are provided and they have their inner ends secured to the cylinder as at 22!. Their outer ends are secured to a plate 225 which will maintain them in spaced relationship. The plate 22I has a finger 228 pivoted thereto as at 221. A spring 228a normally holds this finger in vertical position. Swinging of this finger in the direction of movement of the blow-mold is permitted but swinging in the opposite direction is prevented by a stop 228.

The finger 226 is so located that when the blow-mold moves to the station where it is to be closed, the finger 226 will pass behind the mem-' ber I18 carried by the pin I11 which depends from the block I14. When the members 226 and I18 move into cooperative relationship, the finger 226 may move slightly against the resistance of the spring 228a. The members 226 and I18 will be positioned in the manner illustrated in Figure 7. If air is now applied to the cylinder 2I8, the piston 2I9 will move the finger 228 outwardly moving the block I14 outwardly and causing the blow-mold sections to come together. The next movement of the rotatable turret is adapted to bring the roller I84 of the locking lever I89 of that particular blow-mold unit into engagement with the track I94. When this track is engaged by the roller I84 the lever will be swung into position where it locks the blow-mold sections together. Thus, it will be apparent that the blow-mold is closed and then immediately after, the locking means functions to lock the sections together.

The locking means functions during the entire blowing operation. Operation of the plunger 126, which controls the supply of blowing air pressure to the mold, is so timed that blowing pressure will be supplied thereto during movement between the stations I96 and I96 (Figure 2). Also, during the blowing operation the rotation of the combined tongs and blow-heads continues so that the parisons will be rotated in the paste molds during the blowing operation and, consequently, the proper polish will be imparted to the blown article. When the article is completely blown, which will be substantially at the station I96, the roller I84 will ride down the inclined portion I91 of the track I94 and will unlock the blow-mold. To ensure that roller I84 will ride down the incline I91 and unlock the blow-mold, adjacent the station I96 I provide cam means, associated with the upper end of inclined portion I91 of the track, as illustrated best in Figure 9. This means comprises a flexible cam member I9Ia adapted to engage roller I84 and which is supported by a support I91b secured to the portion I91. After the blow-mold is unlocked it is desirable to open the blow-mold and therefore at the next station I provide means for opening the blow-mold.

This blow-mold-opening means comprises a cylinder and piston unit 229 (Figures 1, 3 and 4) which is exactly the same as the cylinder and piston unit 2I8. However, in this case the finger 226 will be in its outermost position and the member I18 will pass behind this finger. When air is supplied to the unit, the piston will be moved inwardly and the finger 226 will draw the block I14 inwardly. This will cause opening of the blow-mold sections. At the time the blowmold is opened it is preferable that rotation of theunitii has stopped. Y i I W Shortly after the blow-molds leave the station where they are opened, they begin to move downwardly into the water tank where they will be cooled and will be wet. Roller I851: cooperates parent that the blown article will now be suspended from the unit 56. It is now desirable to remove the articIe from the machine. This is accomplished at the station I9I (Figure 2) which may be the next station after'that where the blow mold is opened.

, Just prior to the time the unit 56 reaches the take-oil. station I 9|, the cam surface I96 of the.

latch I04 isbrought into engagement with a cam member 239 (Figure 1) disposed on a suitable bracket secured to. a supporting arm 3Ia extending over the turret and having its inner end secured to column 60 (Figure 3). Thus, the collar 91 carried by shaft 68 is released from the latch III4. The shaft 68 will then begin to move downwardly. However, in order to positively move the shaft downwardly I provide at the take-off station a cylinder and piston unit 23I mounted on the outer end of support 3la. This unit is exactly the same as the cylinder and piston unit,

I 98 which is provided for lifting the shaft. However, the-portion 98 of this unit will engage the top of the collar 91 and when air is supplied to the unit, the piston will be moved downwardly in the cylinder forcing the shaft 68 downwardly. This will release the blown article from the tongs 18.

In order to prevent. the shaft 68 from dropping too quickly and jarring the article, I provide an auxiliary cylinder and piston unit 23Ia. The lower end of the piston rod of this unit has a finger 98a secured thereto. This finger will be located below collar 91 when the unit 56 moves to this station where the article is to be lowered. The pistons of the units 23I and 23Ia are moved downwardly in unison. During downward movement' of shaft 68, the finger 98a is normally spaced below collar 91. However, if shaft 68 begins to drop freely, the finger 98a will'contact with collar 91 and restrain this quick movement but will permit gradual downward movement since finger 98a will move downwardly slowly. The next movement of the turret will move the unit 56 away from this position and, consequently, move collar 91 from above finger 98a of unit 23|a and from beneath portion 98 of unit 23L In order to receive the blown article as it is released from the tongs and to remove it from the machine I provide a take-01f conveyor 232. This conveyor embodies an endless chain 233 (Figures 2 and 3) having a plurality of spaced article supports or cups 234 thereon. The chain is carried by sprockets- 235. The conveyor unit is a portable unit independent of the rest of the machine. It is supported by a horizontal arm 232a extending from a vertical support 232b which is preferably mounted on wheels, It may be positioned relative to the machine in the manner illustrated in Figure 3. It may be moved away from the machine if desired. This conveyor is driven intermittently by means of a Geneva drive of the usual type, disposed in housing 236 on support 2321), and comprising a driven wheel and a driving member. The Geneva drive for the conveyor, is driven by a horizontal shaft 231 on the conveyor unit. The inner end of this shaft may be coupled to or uncoupled from, by means of a universal joint, the shaft 231a. supported on the base of the machine and driven in a manner to be described. This intermittent movement of the conveyor is timed with the intermittent movement of the turret so that each 

